Discover Melilla: Spain’s Enclave on the African Continent
Melilla is a unique Spanish autonomous city located on the north coast of Africa, bordering Morocco. Together with Ceuta, it forms one of two permanently inhabited Spanish territories on the African mainland. Although small in size—covering just 12.3 square kilometers—Melilla offers a fascinating mix of cultures, strategic importance, and historical layers.
A City of Crossroads
Melilla sits on the Mediterranean Sea, directly across from the Andalusian coast. The city’s history is defined by its strategic location, which has made it a military, trade, and cultural crossroads for centuries. Originally a Phoenician and later Roman settlement, it became part of the Caliphate of Córdoba during Islamic rule. In 1497, Melilla was conquered by Castile, and it has remained under Spanish control ever since.
A Blend of Cultures
Melilla is notable for its multicultural society. The population—around 85,000—includes Christians, Muslims (predominantly Berbers), Jews, and Hindus. Spanish is the official language, but Tamazight (a Berber language) is also widely spoken, particularly among the Amazigh population.
This mix is reflected in the city’s food, architecture, and festivals, where Catholic, Islamic, and Jewish traditions often coexist side by side.
Architecture and Attractions
Melilla is known for its remarkable concentration of modernist architecture, second in Spain only to Barcelona. Much of this was designed by Enrique Nieto, a disciple of Antoni Gaudí. The city is also home to a well-preserved fortified old town—the Ciudadela or Melilla la Vieja—which includes walls, ramparts, and structures dating back to the 16th century.
Notable sites include:
- Parque Hernández – a central green space with art nouveau influences
- Modernist Route – a self-guided walking tour of the city’s architectural gems
- Museo de Melilla – showcasing the city’s archaeological and cultural history
- The Port and Beaches – offering ferry links to mainland Spain and opportunities for swimming and sunbathing
Geopolitical and Economic Context
Melilla is part of the European Union, and the euro is its official currency. It has a special tax status, which makes it a free port with lower VAT, attracting trade and commerce. However, its border with Morocco is tightly controlled due to immigration and smuggling concerns, and the city has been a focal point in debates about Europe’s borders and migration policy.
Access and Travel
Melilla is accessible by air from several Spanish cities, including Madrid and Málaga. It also has regular ferry services connecting it to Andalusian ports. Entry from Morocco is possible via controlled land crossings, but requires valid documentation.
Summary
Melilla is a compact city rich in history, culture, and geopolitical relevance. It offers a window into the blend of European and North African influences and provides visitors with an experience that’s quite distinct from the Spanish mainland. Whether for its architecture, cultural diversity, or historical intrigue, Melilla is a destination that rewards those who take the time to explore it.
