How to Obtain an NIE Number in Spain: A Complete Guide
If you’re planning to buy property in Spain, work, or conduct financial transactions, you’ll need an NIE (Número de Identificación de Extranjero)—a unique identification number for foreigners. This essential document is required for various legal and economic activities, making it a crucial step for anyone looking to settle or invest in Spain.
What Is an NIE Number?
The NIE is a tax identification number assigned to non-Spaniards who need to engage in financial or legal transactions in Spain. It is required for:
- Purchasing property
- Opening a bank account
- Signing contracts (e.g., utilities, insurance, employment)
- Paying taxes and applying for mortgages
- Registering a business
The NIE does not confer residency rights but is necessary for most official procedures.
Who Needs an NIE?
Both EU and non-EU citizens who plan to carry out any economic, legal, or professional activities in Spain need an NIE. Whether you are moving to Spain, buying a holiday home, or starting a business, obtaining an NIE is essential.
How to Apply for an NIE Number
You can apply for an NIE number through three main methods:
1. Applying in Spain
If you are already in Spain, you can apply in person at a Comisaría de Policía (police station) or Oficina de Extranjería (Foreigners’ Office). The steps are:
- Complete the EX-15 Form: This is the official application form, available online or at the police station.
- Provide Required Documents:
- Valid passport (plus a photocopy)
- Proof of the reason for requesting the NIE (e.g., property purchase agreement, job contract)
- A completed Modelo 790-012 form (tax payment form)
- Payment of the administration fee (typically around €10–€15)
- Schedule an Appointment: Many offices require prior appointments via the official government website.
- Attend the Appointment: Submit your application and receive a confirmation document. The NIE number is usually issued within a few days to a few weeks, depending on the region.
2. Applying via a Spanish Consulate or Embassy
If you are outside Spain, you can apply through the Spanish consulate in your home country. The process is similar to the in-person application, but processing times can be longer.
3. Applying Through a Legal Representative
If you cannot apply in person, you can grant power of attorney to a legal representative (e.g., a lawyer or gestor). They will handle the application on your behalf, making the process easier, especially if you are abroad.
How Long Does It Take to Get an NIE?
The processing time varies depending on the region and method of application:
- In Spain: Typically 1 to 4 weeks
- At a Consulate: 4 to 8 weeks
- Through a legal representative: Depends on case complexity but can be expedited
Important Considerations
- The NIE is permanent: Once issued, it does not expire.
- It does not grant residency: If you plan to live in Spain long-term, you may need additional residency documentation.
- Keep multiple copies: Having physical and digital copies of your NIE certificate can be useful for administrative purposes.
Obtaining an NIE number is a fundamental step for anyone looking to engage in financial or legal matters in Spain. While the process involves some paperwork, planning ahead and ensuring you have the correct documents will make it much smoother. Whether you are buying property, starting a business, or just settling in, securing your NIE is the key to making your Spanish experience hassle-free.
